COMMUNICATION

^{COMMUNICATION}

                  Communication forms a means of exchange of information. It is a process through which an information, idea or opinion is transferred to more number of persons. The information transferred must be understandable to the receiver.

                    The word communication has been derived from the Latin word ‘communis’ which means common. Thus communication means sharing of ideas in common. When we communicate we are trying to share information/ideas. Thus communication takes place when one person transfers information and understating to another person. It refers to the exchange of ideas, feelings, emotions, knowledge and information between two or more persons. When we talk / listen to some one there is communication.

                 For example: when a teacher class, he is communicating to the students. When we read a book, its author communicates to us.

 Communication involves at least two persons: a sender and a receiver. One person alone cannot communicate. Only a receiver closes the communication circuit. Communication is always made with some purpose. This purpose of communication is encoded in the message and transmitted through a medium to its destination where it is decoded and response made. There are essentially four components in the process of communication. They are sender, message, medium, and receiver.

“Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinion or emotions by two/ more persons.”

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

          Verbal communication consists of words arranged in meaningful patterns. To create a through with words, arrange them according to the rules of grammar, putting various parts of speech in the proper sequence. You then transmit the message in spoken / written form, anticipating that someone will hear/ read what you have to say.

Talking takes less time and needs no composing, keyboarding, rewriting, duplicating or distributing. Even more important oral communication provides the opportunity for feedback. When people communicate orally; they can ask questions and test their understanding of the message; they can share ideas and work together to solve problems.

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Exchange of information with the help of spoken words is called oral communication. In addition to face to face interaction, mechanical devices like signals, telephone, intercom system, electric paying system, mobile phone, Dictaphone etc. are also used in this method.

   ADVANTAGES

1.     It is economical

2.     It is more effective

3.     It helps in getting quick response

4.     It establishes a personal touch

5.     It permits detailed explanation and clearing of doubts

6.     It is more flexible

7.     It is faster than written communication

DISADVANTAGES

1.     It provides no records for future reference

2.     It is not feasible for lengthy message

3.      it may be time consuming as it happens in meeting and conferences

4.      it cannot be used in where parties to communication are at distant places

5.     It is not good to act on the basis of oral communication if details are missing

6.     It is not accepted by court of law as evidence

7.      it does not provide time for thinking before speaking

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

   Communication transmitted by written words in form of letters, memos, circulars, bulletins, reports, instruction cards, manuals, magazines, and read books etc. Is called written communication. It acts as a written record for future reference.

ADVANTAGES

1.     It is a record for future reference

2.     It is very much used to issue orders and instructions

3.     It is suitable when message is lengthy

4.      it is more clear and specific

5.      it is an economical means of communication

6.     It is reliable since alteration in the message in the course of transmission is not possible

7.     It can be quoted as legal evidence in case of dispute

DISADVANTAGES

1.     It is time consuming

2.     It is likely to be very expensive for lengthy messages

3.     Clarifications, if needed, cannot be gives immediately

4.      quick response will not be possible

5.     It lacks personal touch

6.     It involves a lot of formalities

7.     It may not be possible in all situations

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

                                                                                                                               

ORAL COMMUNICATION	WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
1.     It is expressed through spoken words. 2.     It may not be precise 3.     It is generally 4.     It cannot be verified after wards 5.     It will not be taken seriously 6.     Message can be quickly exchanged 7.     It may be difficult to act on oral communication if details are missing or forgotten.	It is expressed in writing It can be expressed precisely It is formal one It can be verified from the records It is generally taken seriously Transmission and response taken more time It may be acted upon without much difficulty

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

                Non verbal communication is the process of communication without words which includes all the cues, gestures, facial expression, spatial relationship and attitudes towards time that enable people to communicate. They gritted their teeth to show anger; they smiled and touched one another to indicate affection. Although we have come a long way since those primitive times .we still use non verbal cues to express superiority, depends dislike, respect, love, and other feelings.

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION DIFFER FROM VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1.     It is less structured

2.     It is difficult to study

3.     Even experts don’t really know how people learn nonverbal behavior

4.     Can’t pick up a book on nonverbal language. No one teaches a baby to cry/smile, yet these forms of self expression are almost universal.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1.   POSTURE

      There are much different type of body positioning to portray certain postures, including slouching, lowering, legs spread jaw thrust, shoulders forward, and arm crossing. The posture/ bodily stance exhibited by individual’s communication a variety of messages whether good/bad.

2.  GESTURES

           The gestures should be directed from one’s mind and heart without his ever having to be conscious about it. They are never noticed by an audience unless they are badly done. Certain simple message like ‘yes’’ no’ ‘come here’ ‘go there’ etc. are sometimes communicated using gestures. Many gestures like movement of hands and legs and shrugging of shoulders accompany oral communication. Gestures emphasize various words and meanings.

3.   FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

             All the parts of the body the face is the most expressive. Facial expressions, more than anything, serve as a practical means of communication. With all the various muscles that precisely control mouth, lips, eyes, nose, forehead, and jaw, human faces are estimated to be capable of more than ten thousand different expressions, many of these emotions, including happiness ,shame, sadness, calm, smile, sorrow surprise, worry, disgust, anger, fear, fury and interest are universally recognized.

4.    EYE CONTACT

              The eye is an extension of the brain and a window of the soul. Stress is laid on continuous eye contact between the speaker and the listener because it tells whether the speaker is sincere and also whether the listener is interested.

5.    PERSONAL APPEARANCE

             The first impact on the audience/ listener is created by the personal appearance of the speaker. Even before the speaker utter the first syllable we begin to form an opinion about him and visualize t5he way he is going to talk. One’s appearance may put the audience into a resistant or even a hostile attitude/ induce in them a receptive mood which is essential for the success of communication.

 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AND INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

             Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people. It is also an area of study. Related skills are learned and can be improved. During interpersonal communication there is message sending and message receiving. This can be conducted using both direct and indirect methods. Successful interpersonal communication is when the message sender and the message receivers understand the message. Interpersonal communications immediacy and primacy, it is characterized by a strong feedback component. Communication is enhanced when the relationship exists over a long period of time. Interpersonal communication involves not only the words used but also the various elements of non verbal communication. The purposes of interpersonal communication are to influence, help and discover, as well as to share and play together.

                Intrapersonal communication is a communicator’s internal use of language/ thought. It can be useful to envision intrapersonal communication occurring in the mind of the individual in a model which contains a sender, receiver and feedback loop. Simply means our ability to talk to ourselves and think inwards is a major part of the human experience of consciousness. Three aspects of intrapersonal communications are self concept, perception and expectation.

Divya.T.C

COMMERCE